Regionalno istraživanje Transparency International o finansiranju izbornih kampanja
Transparentnost Srbija predstavila je danas rezultate međunarodnog istraživačkog projekta Transparency International „KRINIS (CRINIS) Zapadni balkan – Osvetljavanje tokova novca u politici“.
Na konferenciji u Medija centru govorili su predsednik TS Vladimir Goati, zamenik ambasadora Kraljevine Norveške u Srbiji Roger Jørgensen, programski direktorTS Nemanja Nenadić i saradnik TS Zlatko Minić.
NAJVEĆI PROBLEMI U REGIONU
Kao glavne slabosti i problemi u celom regionu uočeni su sledeći:
- Sankcionisanje političkih partija za neispunjavanje obaveza u skladu sa propisima je slabo u svim analiziranim zemljama. Čak i tamo gde postoji relativno kvalitetan sistem kažnjavanja, on se gotovo uopšte ne primenjuje.
- Preventivni mehanizmi za sprečavanje zloupotreba u sistemu finansiranja političkih partija su nedovoljni. Na Kosovu i u Makedoniji nisu zabranjene donacije u gotovini (u Srbiji i Hrvatskoj jesu).
- U Srbiji, na Kosovu i u Makedoniji ne postoji poverenje javnosti u pouzdanost izveštaja koje podnose politički subjekti.
NAJVEĆI PROBLEMI U SRBIJI
Pouzdanost izveštavanja o finansiranju kampanje je u Srbiji ocenjena kao najslabija od osam oblasti koje su analizirane, sa ocenom 3,6 na skali od 0 do 10. Među razlozima za nizak stepen poverenja mogu se navesti činjenica da je krajnji izvor finansiranja za gotovo polovinu novca koji je potrošen u kampanji za parlamentarne izbore i dalje je nepoznat (22 odsto čine krediti a 26 odsto dugovi), brojne pojedinačne donacije sa identičnim iznosima, kao i donacije pravnih lica koja su poslovala sa gubicima i neprijavljivanje troškova koji su uočeni monitoringom.
U oblasti sankcionisanja, zakonske odredbe u Srbiji dobile su visoku ocenu 7,8, ali je praksa u sankcionisanju ocenjena sa 0,9. To ne čudi kada se uzme u obzir činjenica da nijedna stranka nikada nije kažnjena zbog kršenja odredbi zakona koji regulišu finansiranje izborne kampanje.
KLJUČNE PREPORUKE
U cilju otklanjanja ovih i mnogih drugih problema identifikovanih ovim istraživanjem (opširnije u dokumentima u prilogu), Transparentnost Srbija ističe sledeće ključne preporuke:
1. Izmenama Zakona o finansiranju politickih aktivnosti otkloniti uočene pravne praznine (“finansiranje od strane trećih lica”, vreme vraćanja kredita i izmirenje preuzetih obaveza itd.) , obezbediti veću javnost podataka i pravovremenu kontrolu;
2. Izmenama Krivičnog zakonika, Zakona o budžetskom sistemu, medijskog zakonodavstva, Zakona o Agenciji za borbu protiv korupcije i Zakona o Državnoj revizorskoj instituciji obezbediti veću javnost podataka, bolje planiranje kontrole i sankcionisanje prekršaja u vezi sa finansiranjem kampanje (npr. kupovina glasova, zloupotrebe javnih funkcija, prikrivene promocije u medijima i odgovornost za pravilnu raspodelu budžetskih izdvajanja);
3. Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije i javno tužilaštvo bi trebalo da objave sve slučajeve nezakonitog finansiranja kampanje, uključujuci zloupotrebe javnih funkcija i kupovinu glasova, pruže zaštitu licima koja prijavljuju ove nezakonitosti i ispitaju sve do sada poznate slučajeve kršenja propisa;
4. Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije bi trebalo da objavi potpune rezultate kontrole i pokrene prekršajne postupke za sve vrste uočenih prekršaja;
5. Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije i Državna revizorska institucija bi trebalo da prate neizmirene kredite i obaveze preuzete tokom perioda kampanje, u cilju utvrđivanja krajnjeg izvora finansiranja kampanje i svake eventualne zloupotrebe sredstava namenjenih za finansiranje redovnog rada političkih partija.
MEDIJI U IZBORNOJ KAMPANJI
U odnosu političkih partija i medija tokom izborne kampanje, ali i posle kampanje, postoje sistemski problemi zbog kojih obe strane krše propise.
- zaduživanje političkih subjekata i vraćanje dugova i kredita nije regulisano,
- zbog dugova medijima ugrožen je princip oglašavanja pod ravnopravnim uslovima,
- vladajuće partije su favorizovane zahvaljujući prikrivenom reklamiranju kroz aktivnosti funkcionera,
- mediji se održavaju u poziciji zavisnosti od skrivenih centara moći usled netransparentnosti podataka o najvećim oglašivačima i finansijerima.
Transparentnost - Srbija poziva da se izmenom propisa, uz angažovanje Republičke radiodifuzne agencije i Agencije za borbu protiv korupcije, ovi problemi prevaziđu i stvore uslovi za vođenje izborne kampanje u kojoj će svi učesnici biti zaista ravnopravni, prihodi i rashodi za finansiranje kampanje u potpunosti dostupni javnosti, a finansiranje medija transparentno.
Opširnije u prilogu:
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