Nedostatak poverenja javnosti u političke stranke podriva demokratiju na Balkanu
Saopštenje za javnost Transparency International povodom objavljivanja regionalnog izveštaja „Kupovina uticaja: Novac i izbori na Balkanu "
Nedostatak poverenja javnosti u političke stranke
podriva demokratiju na Balkanu
Berlin, 25. jun 2013 - Hrvatska treba da obezbedi transparentnije finansiranje političkih stranaka i time ojača demokratiju, dok se priprema za članstvo u Evropskoj uniji (EU), navodi se u izveštaju Transparency International objavljenom danas. Izveštaj poziva takođe, Albaniju, Kosovo[1]*, Makedoniju (FYR) i Srbiju na napredak u ovoj važnoj oblasti.
Izveštaj „Kupovina uticaja: Novac i izbori na Balkanu " upozorava da nedostatak poverenja javnosti u političke stranke preti demokratskim procesima na Balkanu. Građani Hrvatske, Makedonije (FYR) i Srbije već vide političke stranke kao najkorumpiranije od dvanaest ocenjivanih javnih institucija, prema Globalnom barometru korupcije za 2013, koji će biti objavljen ovog leta.
"Jaka demokratija i fer izbori zavise od transparentnosti političkog finansiranja. Bez čiste politike ne može biti čiste vlade. Hrvatska je neznatno nadmašila svoje susede po pitanju transparentnosti finansiranja izbornih kampanja, ali i ona i njeni susedi još uvek imaju puno posla", izjavio je Mikloš Maršal, zamenik generalnog direktora Transparency International.
"Naše istraživanje je u prošlosti pokazalo da ulazak u EU ne sme biti izgovor vladama da uspore napore u borbi protiv korupcije - u stvari, ovo je trenutak kada bi trebalo da zaista počnu aktivnosti, a posebno u oblasti finansiranja političkih partija", rekao je Maršal.
Hrvatska će postati 28. članica Evropske unije, 1. jula 2013. Transparency International izveštaj iz 2012. upozorava da finansiranje političkih stranaka predstavlja problem širom EU.
Današnji izveštaj ima u fokusu transparentnost finansiranja izbornih kampanja u periodu 2011. – 2012. u Hrvatskoj, Kosovu*, Makedoniji (FYR) i Srbiji, i redovno finansiranje političkih partija u Albaniji za 2012. Utvrđene su značajne slabosti, kako u zakonima o finansiranju izborne kampanje, tako i u načinu na koji se sprovode. Tri najslabije dimenzije su: pouzdanost finansijskog izveštavanja stranaka, sankcije za one koji krše zakon i mere koje sprečavaju zloupotrebu finansiranja izborne kampanje.
Na Kosovu*, Makedoniji (FYR) i Srbiji pouzdanost finansijskih izveštaja političkih partija je ocenjena najslabije od svih područja, dok je u Hrvatskoj ocenjena kao druga najslabija. Prema izveštaju, nezavisni eksperti u Hrvatskoj ocenjuju da zvanični izveštaji o finansiranju kampanje pokrivaju od 50 do 60 odsto ostvarenog prihoda u budžetima kampanja, dok je u Srbiji, krajnji izvor finansiranja za skoro polovinu prijavljenih rashoda tokom izbora u maju 2012. još uvek nepoznat.
Ocenjujući zakonski okvir u zemljama i teritorijama obuhvaćenim ovim istraživanjem, utvrđeno je da sve nadzorne agencije imaju relativno dalekosežna ovlašćenja, ali u praksi ove agencije ne mogu vršiti efikasan nadzor nad političkim partijama zbog nedostatka resursa (Hrvatska, Srbija), ili nedostataka nezavisnosti od stranaka (Albanija, Kosovo*, Makedonija (FYR)). Ova pitanja se moraju rešiti, na način koji garantuje da nadzorni organi mogu primorati stranke da dostave pouzdane i pravovremene finansijske izveštaje, kao i da imaju dovoljno ovlašćenja za kontrolu finansijskih izveštaja i sankcionisanje onih stranaka koje nisu postupale u skladu sa zakonom.
Kazne za kršenje zakona su takođe oceljene kao slabe. Nijedna politička stranka u Srbiji ili Makedoniji (FYR) nikada nije kažnjena zbog kršenja pravila o finansiranju predizborne kampanje.
Dodatne preporuke u izveštaju obuhvataju:
• Kako bi se osigurala nezavisnost nadzornih organa, članove ovih tela bi trebalo birati iz širokog političkog spektra i njihovo imenovanje treba da bude odobreno od strane svih vodećih političkih stranaka koje učestvuju na izborima
• U Hrvatskoj i Makedoniji (FYR) zakoni zahtevaju finansijsko izveštavanje o prihodima i rashodima tokom izbornog perioda (nasuprot izveštavanju nakon održanih izbora) što omogućava bolju informisanost građana. Ovo bi trebalo da bude zakonska obaveza u svim zemljama.
• U Makedoniji (FYR) je zakonska obaveza da mediji objave jedinstveni cenovnik za političko oglašavanje na početku izborne kampanje. Ova praksa bi trebalo da bude usvojena i u drugim zemaljama, u cilju jačanja pravila o jednakom pristupu medijima.
"Nedostatak pouzdanih i preciznih finansijskih izveštaja političkih stranaka ostavlja otvorena vrata za korupciju i zloupotrebu demokratskog sistema od strane bogatih donatora, uključujući predstavnike krupnog kapitala", rekla je Anne Koch, Transparency International regionalna direktorka za Evropu i centralnu Aziju. "Bez dostupnosti podataka o donatorima, nemoguće je da građani znaju u čijem interesu političke partije nastupaju. Demokratski život na Balkanu neće napredovati ukoliko se ovi problemi ne reše tako da glasači mogu imati poverenja u svoje predstavnike ", rekla je Koch.
Napomena:
Istraživanje „Kupovina uticaja: Novac i izbori na Balkanu" zasniva se na "KRINIS“ metodologiji koju je razvila Transparency International u partnerstvu sa Carter Center. Metodologija obuhvata istraživanje zakonskog okvira o finansiranju političkih stranaka i praksu postupanja. Istraživanje „KRINIS" sprovedeno je 20 puta na četiri kontinenta.
Izveštaj za Srbiju biće objavljen krajem jula 2013.
Transparentnost Srbija
25. jun 2013.
*Кососво (званичан назив: Косово и Метохија) под посебним правним режимом у складу са резолуцијом 1244 СБ УН.
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