Revizorski izveštaji kao osnov za sistemske promene
Transparentnost Srbija pozdravlja najavu predsednika Saveta Državne revizorske institucije (DRI) da će predložiti donošenje zakona o subvencijama, o komunalnim taksama, o lokalnim službenicima i njihovim primanjima, te da će inicirati izmene više zakona i podzakonskih akata.
Evidentno je, naime, da se, iz izveštaja u izveštaj, iz godine u godinu, određene nepravilnosti ponavljaju i malobrojne kazne koje su izrečene protiv odgovornih do sada, na žalost nisu delovale preventivno.
Mnoge nepravilnosti na koje je revizor ukazivao u protekle tri godine u svojim izveštajima moguće je sprečiti sistemskim merama. Tako je za Srbiju, umesto polemike o tome ko je bio u pravu kada je izračunavao stanje javnog duga na kraju 2011. godine, važnije da se donese novi Zakon o javnom dugu kojim bi se utvrdila jedinstvena metodologija utvrđivanja visine javnog duga i načina izveštavanja o tome, kao i usaglašavanje svih drugih propisa sa tim zakonom. Ta mera je jedna od sistemskih mera koje je Transparentnost Srbija polovinom oktobra predložila Odboru za finansije, republički budžet i kontrolu trošenja javnih sredstava, a na osnovu analize izveštaja DRI iz prethodnih godina.
Ovogodišnji revizorski izveštaj je takođe pokazao da se odredbe o javnim nabavkama i dalje krše, uključujući i najočiglednije načine, poput sprovođenja nabavki za koje nisu obezbeđena sredstva i neposredog pogađanja u slučajevima kada je trebalo sprovesti tender, kao i na ozbiljne propuste kod izgradnje infrastrukturnih objekata.
Transparentnost je predložila Odboru da, uz razmatranje izveštaja DRI, formuliše paket sistemskih mera i preporuči da se 1) uredi sistem evidencije imovine u javnoj svojini, 2) usvoji novi Zakon o javnom dugu, 3) dodatno uredi sistem javnih nabavki, 4) budžetska inspekcija ojača i učini efikasnom, 5) zakonski reguliše položaj interne revizije i uspostavi tamo gde to nije učinjeno, i 6) da DRI otpočne sprovođenje revizije svrsishodnosti raspolaganja javnim sredstvima. Kako sistemske preporuke ne bi ostale „mrtvo slovo na papiru“, Transparentnost Srbija je predložila i da se uvede sistem izveštavanja pomenutih mera, odnosno da DRI u svom godišnjem izveštaju o radu navede podatke o njihovom sprovođenju, kao i o sprovođenju svih preporuka koje je DRI dala subjektima revizije.
Transparentnost – Srbija
Beograd, 28. decembar 2012.
Detaljnije o preporučenim merama:
1) Za uređenje SISTEMA EVIDENCIJE IMOVINE U JAVNOJ SVOJINI bilo bi potrebno da Vlada Srbije donese uredbu u skladu sa članom 64. Zakona o javnoj svojini, kojom će propisati sadržinu i način vođenja evidencije nepokretnosti koje koriste organi Republike Srbije, autonomne pokrajine i jedinice lokalne samouprave, kao i rokove dostavljanja podataka i način vođenja jedinstvene evidencije;
- da Ministar finansija i privrede propiše sadržaj izveštaja o strukturi i vrednosti imovine Republike Srbije koji je Republička direkcija za imovinu Republike Srbije, dužna da svake godine do 31. marta, dostavi Ministarstvu finansija i privrede - Upravi za trezor, a na osnovu dobijenih izveštaja o strukturi i vrednosti imovine korisnika sredstava u svojini Republike Srbije.
- da korisnici javne imovine sveobuhvatno vrše popis imovine i o tome redovno izveštavaju Republičku direkciju za imovinu.
- da Republička direkcija za imovinu uspostavi potpunu i ažurnu evidenciju o stanju državne imovine.
2) JAVNI DUG je u Srbiji definisan u dva zakona: Zakonu o javnom dugu i Zakonu o budžetskom sistemu. Pored ove dve definicije postoje i još neka relevantna merenja javnog duga Srbije koja daju rezultat različite veličine. Najrigoroznije tumačenje javnog duga ima Međunarodni monetarni fond.
Iz svih ovih razloga Narodna banka Srbije i Ministarstvo finansija imaju različite evidencije i podatke o visini javnog duga.
Zbog toga bi bilo potrebno da Vlada Srbije predloži novi Zakon o javnom dugu kojim bi se utvrdila jedinstvena metodologija utvrđivanja visine javnog duga i načina izveštavanja o javnom dugu, kao i usaglašavanje svih drugih propisa sa tim zakonom.
3) Za uređenje sistema JAVNIH NABAVKI, pored striktne primene novog Zakon o javnim nabavkama koji je u skupštinsoj proceduri, i nadzora nad njegovom primenom, potrebno je izmeniti i Zakon o budžetskom sistemu kako bi se obezbedilo smanjivanje diskrecije kod planiranja javnih nabavki i povećala javnost raspolaganja javnim sredstvima.
4) Na osnovu preporuka iz dosadašnjih izveštaja DRI može se zaključiti da su kapaciteti BUDŽETSKE INSPEKCIJE nedovoljni za ostvarivanje zakonom utvrđenih ciljeva, kao i da neki od revidiranih subjekata nemaju uspostavljenu službu budžetske inspekcije. Očigledno je da bi, u slučaju da su kapaciteti budžetske inspekcije bili adekvatni, odnosno, da je ona uspostavljena na svim nivoima, veliki broj nepravilnosti koji su konstatovani tek u izveštajima DRI mogao biti primećen i otklonjen znatno ranije. Zbog toga bi Ministarstvu finansija i privrede i nadležni organi APV i jedinica lokalne samouprave trebalo da da obezbede efikasno obavljanje poslova budžetske inspekcije, kako bi se pravovremeno (u toku budžetske godine umesto tek tokom eksterne revizije) otkrile nezakonitosti u oblasti materijalno – finansijskog poslovanja i namenskog i zakonitog korišćenja sredstava.
5) DRI je u svojim izveštajima o reviziji nacrta zakona o završnim računu budžeta za 2008. godinu (poglavlje 2.2), 2009. godinu (poglavlje 2.1.), 2010. godinu (poglavlje 2.2) i 2011. godinu (poglavlje 3.2) utvrdio da pojedini korisnici javnih sredstava koji su na to bili obavezni nisu uspostavili INTERNU REVIZIJU u skladu sa propisima, odnosno da "interna revizija nije organizovana na način koji svojim funkcionisanjem omogućava doslednu primenu zakona i poštovanje pravila interne kontrole, kao i ostvarivanje drugih ciljeva zbog kojih se u skladu sa zakonom i osniva". Zbog toga je potrebno da korisnici budžetskih sredstava koji nisu uspostavili internu reviziju u skladu sa odredbama Zakona o budžetskom sistemu, ili koji nisu obezbedili uslove za njeno adekvatno funkcionisanje to učine. Ministarstvo finansija i privrede trebalo bi da pripremi i stavi na javnu raspravu predlog propisa i/ili izmena važećih propisa koji uređuju rad, status i odgovornost interne revizije.
6) Zakon o DRI (član 9. st.1 t.4) propisuje da predmet revizije može biti "SVRSHISHODNOST RASPOLAGANJA JAVNIM SREDSTVIMA u celosti ili u određenom delu". DRI je do sada sprovodila revizije "pravilnosti poslovanja subjekata revizije u skladu sa zakonom, drugim propisima i datim ovlašćenjima " (član 9. st.1 t.3). Iz izveštaja o do sada sprovedenim revizijama proizlazi jasna potreba da se pored revizije pravilnosti poslovanja redovno obavlja i revizija svrsishodnosti raspolaganja javnim sredstvima. DRI je jedini organ koji ima zakonske pretpostavke za sprovođenje ove revizije. Zbog toga je potrebno da Državna revizorska instituciji stvori uslove i otpočne sprovođenje revizije svrsishodnosti raspolaganja javnim sredstvima u celini ili u određenom delu.
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