Neusaglašenost budžeta i propisa o finansiranju stranaka
Transparentnost – Srbija ocenjuje:
- Predlog Zakona o budžetu Republike Srbije za 2012. nije u potpunosti usaglašen sa odredbama Zakona o finansiranju političkih aktivnosti.
- Budžetsko finansiranje je na osnovu novog zakona značajno uvećano što će se loše odraziti na zainteresovanost stranaka daprikupljaju članarine, a ostaje tek da se vidi da li će biti korisnih efekata.
Predlogom budžeta Republike 2012. za finansiranje redovnog rada parlamentarnih stranaka predviđeno je 926.973.810 dinara. U prvih šest meseci sledeće godine primenjivaće se odredbe starog Zakona o finansiranju političkih stranaka (iz 2003), na osnovu kojih bi trebalo izdvojiti 349.645.841 dinar za ovu namenu (Vlada je predložila da se izdvoji samo 293.860.500). Međutim u drugoj polovini godine izdvajanja će biti vršena na osnovu novog Zakona (o finansiranju političkih aktivnosti, iz 2011) i biće dvostrukoveća: 633.021.143 dinara, odnosno 92.168 dinara više nego što bi trebalo u skladu sa zakonom
Iskustvo drugih zemalja pokazuje da se sa znatnim uvećanjem budžetskih dotacija smanjuje zainteresovanost i angažovanje političkih stranaka u prikupljanju članarine. U Srbiji je taj problem i do sada bio veoma izražen. Naime, na osnovu zvaničnih finansijskih izveštaja za 2010. godinu samo deset od ukupno 22 parlamentarne strankeje uopšte prikupljalo članarinu, a kod samo pet partija članarine su činile više od 10 posto prijavljenih prihoda, iz čega sledi da je država praktično jedini finasijer mnogih partija.Može se očekivati da će odredba o ekstremno visokom povećanju budžetskih izdvajanja, (koja su, u fazi pripreme zakona, kritikovali eksperti Venecijanske komisije i ODIHR), doprineti da se ovaj negativan trend nastavi. S druge strane, potencijalne koristi od povećanog budžetskog finansiranja – u vidu manje zavisnosti partija od velikih donatora i manje sklonosti ka zloupotrebama javnih fondova – neizvesne su. Ti korisni efekti bi mogli da se pokažu jedino ako Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije ili Državna revizorska institucija budu permanentno ostvarivale kontrolu tačnosti i potpunosti prikazanih prihoda i rashoda stranaka, naročito u doba izborne kampanje.
Predlogom budžeta za 2012., u skladu sa novim zakonom, predviđeno je posebno izdvajanje od 844.028.190 dinara za finansiranje kampanje. Od tog iznosa 168,805,638 dinaraćebitipodeljeno “naravnečasti” izmeđusvihizbornih lista, a naostatakće za pokrićetroškovaizbornekampanjemoći da računajusamo parlamentarnepolitičkestranke, pričemućejednoosvojenoposlaničkomestoomogućitipokrivanjetroškovaodoko 2,7 milionadinara.Povrh toga, za izborne kampanje na drugim nivoima vlasti će biti izdvojeno još oko 250 miliona dinara iz budžeta APV,gradova i opština. Transparentnost – Srbija međutim ukazuje da predlogom republičkog budžetauopštenijepredviđenoizdvajanjesredstava za kontroluizbornekampanje, iako je članom 33.st. 2. Zakona o finansiranjupolitičkihaktivnosti izričito predviđeno da se za ovenameneAgenciji za borbu protiv korupcije u budžetu obezbeđujenajmanje 1% odizdvajanja za podnosioce izbornih lista (ne manje od 8,44miliona dinara za kontroluparlamentarnihizbora).
Iz napred navedenih razloga Transparentnost – Srbija poziva republičku Vladu i narodne poslanike da kroz amandmane usaglase budžet za 2012.sa odredbama Zakona o finansiranju političkih aktivnostii time omoguće efiksanu kontrolu finansiranja prve izborne kampanje koja se sprovodi u novom pravnom okviru. Takođe, TS smatrada bi pre zvaničnog početka izborne kampanje trebalo izmeniti i druge propise koji su neophodni za suštinski napredak u ovoj oblasti, što podrazumeva donošenje zakona o transparentnosti vlasništva u medijima, jasno ograničenje emitovanja više satnih “zakupljenih termina” na TV i radio stanicama, zabranu da državni organi i monopolistička javna preduzeća vode reklamne kampanje i plaćaju usluge medijima, uređivanje statusa udruženja koja učestvuju u izbornim kampanjama i udruženja koja su formirale političke stranke i izmene Krivičnogzakonika i Zakona o prekršajima.
Transparentnost – Srbija
Beograd, 27. decembar 2011.
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